1EdTech Glossary

This 1EdTech standard is a part of the 1EdTech Access for All work. It is used to describe digital resources that can be adjusted to improve accessibility. This standard is focused on the description of the characteristics of the resource that affect how it can be perceived, understood, or interacted with by users, including what sensory modalities are used in the resource; ways in which the resource is adaptable e.g., whether text can be transformed automatically; which methods of input the resource accepts; and what adaptations are available. Version 2 of the Access for All Digital Resources Description (AfA DRD) has been released as ISO Standard [ISO/IEC 24751-3:2008].

This 1EdTech standard is a part of the 1EdTech Access for All work. It defines a language for describing a learner’s needs and preferences with respect to how the learner can best interact with digital resources, including the configuration of assistive technologies. This standard is an important component of the 1EdTech e-assessment standards: APIP and QTI. Version 2 of the Access for All Digital Personal Needs & Preferences (AfA DRD) has been released as ISO Standard [ISO/IEC 24751-2:2008].

 AccessForAll^® is a standard developed by 1EdTech Consortium. AccessForAll provides accessibility to users by matching user needs and preferences with the characteristics of available resources. These preferences include information about how the user can interact best with a computer, not convey information such as medical history. The user's need for specific kinds of content, display features, or control mechanisms is recorded. This information is used to select or request appropriate adapted content, configure a visual display for easy reading, or locate resources that match the user's control requirements. For more information, see 1EdTech's Accessibility ProjectGroup Activities 1EdTech App Note: Enhancing Accessibility through 1EdTech Standards. Higher education institutional members may be interested in the Accessibility Innovation Leadership Network; for more information see Higher Ed Innovation Leadership Networks

 The technical work at 1EdTech focused on inclusive design, and personalization of online learning resources to meet the needs of all users/learners. The 1EdTech Accessibility workgroup activities focus on adaptation or personalization of resources, interfaces and content to meet the needs of individuals.

View the 1EdTech Accessibility Rubric for Suppliers.  Results of supplier self assessments can be viewed in the TrustEd Apps Management Suite for 1EdTech Institutional Members. 

Learn more about this work: Accessibility

Accessible Portable Item Protocol^® — 1EdTech has developed two tightly connected standards that the assessment community worldwide is using to improve learning, Question and Test Interoperability^® (QTI^®) and Accessible Portable Item Protocol^® (APIP^®). APIP offers students access to digital assessments on the first day of class that is customized to their personal learning needs with minimal or no modifications necessary so that teaching can proceed without interruption and results are transmitted faster than with paper-based assessments. APIP is a solution for authoring and delivering test items to students in a way that supports the consistency of the delivery of every item. The newer QTI 3 standard incorporates many of the concepts of the APIP standard into a more integrated solution. For more information see 1EdTech's Accessibility Project Group Activities and the 1EdTech App Note: Enhancing Accessibility through 1EdTech Standards. Higher Education Institutional Members may be interested in the Accessibility Innovation Leadership Network; for more information see Higher Ed Innovation Leadership Networks.

The Accessible Rich Internet Applications Suite, defines a way to make Web content and Web applications more accessible to people with disabilities. It especially helps with dynamic content and advanced user interface controls developed with HTML, JavaScript, and related technologies. Without WAI-ARIA certain functionality used in Web sites is not available to some users with disabilities, especially people who rely on screen readers and people who cannot use a mouse. WAI-ARIA addresses these accessibility challenges, for example, by defining ways for functionality to be provided to assistive technology. With WAI-ARIA, developers can make advanced Web applications accessible and usable to people with disabilities.

Abbreviation for Access for All Digital Resources Description, a standard developed by 1EdTech.

Abbreviation for Access for All Personal Needs & Preferences, a standard developed by 1EdTech.

This is one of the Metric Profiles defined in the 1EdTech Caliper Standard. The Annotation Profile models activities related to the annotation of digital resources. Creating a bookmark, highlighting selected text, sharing a resource, tagging a document, and viewing an annotation are modeled.

API endpoints are URLs or digital locations that perform a service. Certified CASE Providers offer specific API endpoints that accept a CASE-formatted package and returns data so the client can "ingest" or consume a CASE Framework. More simply put, the API endpoint is your digital bridge to connect you to a CASE Framework, so you can upload it into your system (for example, an LMS.)

APIP is the abbreviation for Accessible Portable Item Protocol, a standard developed by 1EdTech. See the definition for the Accessible Portable Item Protocol for more information.

Abbreviation for Accessible Rich Internet Application, a standard published by W3C.

One of the Metric Profiles defined in the 1EdTech Caliper Standard. The Caliper Assessment Profile models assessment-related activities, including interactions with individual assessment items. Caliper provides details on the learner's activities on Assessments (Tests) and Items (Questions) and counts the number of times an assigned resource is attempted.

The Assessment Results Profile for Gradebook Service standard is a formal subset of the 1EdTech OneRoster 1.2 Gradebook Service. The OR 1.2 Gradebook Service, one service within the full OR 1.2 specification, provides the ability to manage the exchange of information about gradebooks in the form of results, lineItems, collections of lineItems (categories), and score-scales. It is also possible to exchange information about assessment activities in the form of assessment lineItems and assessment results. The Assessment Results Profile enables the exchange of detailed results that are assigned as part of some form of assessment activity, i.e., the assessment lineItems and assessment results parts of the OR 1.2 Gradebook Service.

This is one of the Metric Profiles defined in the 1EdTech Caliper Standard. The Assignable Profile models activities associated with the assignment of digital content to a learner for completion according to specific criteria. Caliper provides a generic assignable digital resource for describing these activities as well as a counting of the number of times an assigned resource has been attempted by the learner.

Assignment and Grade Services is one of the Learning Tool Interoperability^® (LTI^®) services that make up LTI Advantage. This extension enables the passing of assignment results from the tool back to the LMS. Assignment and Grade Services enables faculty to sync grades and comments in third-party tools into a single place, such as the LMS grade book, which gives students and faculty a clearer picture of learning progress in one place. With Assignment and Grade Services you get multiple benefits including gradable assignments shared with a tool, numeric scores returned to LMS grade book, assessor's comments returned if provided, multiple results supported in a single exchange, and instructor override and history of attempts allowed. For more information, see the LTI Advantage Overview.

Supports the passing of assignment results from the tool to the platform. Assignment and Grade Services enables faculty to sync grades and comments in third-party tools into a single place, such as the LMS gradebook.

Assignment and Grade Services is one of the Learning Tool Interoperability® (LTI®) services that make up LTI Advantage. This extension enables the passing of assignment results from the tool grades iconback to the LMS. Assignment and Grade Services enables faculty to sync grades and comments in third-party tools into a single place, such as the LMS grade book, which gives students and faculty a clearer picture of learning progress in one place. With Assignment and Grade Services you get multiple benefits including gradable assignments shared with a tool, numeric scores returned to LMS grade book, assessor's comments returned if provided, multiple results supported in a single exchange, and instructor override and history of attempts allowed. For more information, see the LTI Advantage Overview.

AsyncAPI is an open source initiative that seeks to improve the current state of Event-Driven Architectures (EDA). The long-term goal is to make working with EDAs as easy as it is to work with REST APIs. That goes from documentation to code generation, from discovery to event management. Most of the processes you apply to your REST APIs nowadays would be applicable to your event-driven/asynchronous APIs too. The first step has been to create a specification that allows developers, architects, and product managers to define the interfaces of an async API. Much like OpenAPI (fka Swagger) does for REST APIs.

This is one of the authorization grant mechanisms defined in the OAuth 2.0 standard (IETF RFC 6749).  The authorization code grant type is used to obtain both access tokens and refresh tokens and is optimized for confidential clients but for which there is no established trust relationship. Since this is a redirection-based flow, the client must be capable of interacting with the resource owner’s user-agent (typically a web browser) and capable of receiving incoming requests (via redirection) from the authorization server. This authorization approach is adopted and adapted in the 1EdTech Security Framework.